Listening to Prozac : The dangers behind the sirens seductive call :: Neurological Neurology Brain Essays

Listening to Prozac The dangers behind the sirens seductive callIf the homo brain were simple enough for us to understand, we would be too simple to understand it (1). In his book Listening to Prozac, Dr. Peter Kramer thoroughly examines how Prozac has revolutionized the big businessman of psychopharmacological medication and what it teaches us about the human self. Prozac has demonstrated the ability to transform a persons behavior, outlook, and conception of self through a neurological change of biology, thus providing more evidence that brain does indeed equal behavior. Perhaps more fascinating than the answers it provides about human neurobiology atomic number 18 the difficult questions, ironies, and problems its engagement raises. The administration of Prozac challenges the model of healing through cognitive powers due to its purely biologic effectiveness. This success has widened the gap between the un-medicated and medicated human self. Which is the true animadversio n of a person? Do Prozacs transformations emulate an unnatural idealized social norm or release a healthy individual trapped in an unnatural state? How does this reflect or change our definitions of illness and wellness?Dr. Kramers discussions hinge upon the idea that the nervous system controls behavior. The case studies he provides show peck who, after taking Prozac, have remarkable transformations of multiple facets of behavior including perceptions, motivation, emotions, sense of choice, values, and personality (defined by given temperament as well as true character). Prozacs ability to change a person so drastically on a biological level causes much apprehension because the change does not contend to be processed cognitively or even consciously. Dr. Kramer asserts that this change need not coincide with any self-knowledge because it is evidently not necessary(32). His comment points to a desire among many that the conscious self (I-function) has a stronger influence on behav ior than biology does because we intimately connect behavior with self-identity. Relying on a unconnected substance to change biology (and self) without apprising and receiving sanction from the conscious-self first seems unnatural. The utter reliance on biology without utilizing our human gift of cognition seems to be a invasion of how humanity has separated itself from our own inner animal. Dr. Kramer dismisses claims that Prozac compromises our vision of humanity through changing behavior in psychobiological terms by saying, biological models are not reductionistic but humanizing, in the sense that they restore scale and perspective and take into account the vast part of us that is not intellect (143).

Living on Death Row :: Criminal Justice Essays

Living on Death RowThe purpose of this make-up is to examine life on closing dustup. The information obtained in order to write this paper came from one article. In reading the article it is truly imbibe to see the obvious one-sided bias of the author, who is apparently adamantly against the current status of decease rows across the United States of America. Unfortunately, no research could be rig to illustrate other views or opinions of life on death row. The author of this article used many opinions, first hand accounts and experiences of captives living on death row to illustrate his/her ideas. However, there is an obvious bias of those currently living on death row against their living conditions and treatment. It can be assumed that fewer people would want to be somewhere or enjoy being somewhere when they knew that they would eventually be executed. It is can also be assumed that very few people would find awaiting executing a happy or fulfilling experience. It is inter esting to note that while searching the Internet for information on the death penalty an abundance of web sites were found that belonged to prisoners on death row. All of whom claimed that they were wrongly accused, framed for, and innocent of the crimes that they were convicted of committing. It is the opinion of the author that the main purpose and cultivation of death row is human storage. (Article, p.48) By this the author is suggesting that condemned prisoners are treated essentially as bodies kept alive to be killed. (Article, p.48) The author goes on to use examples addicted by inmates on death row to illustrate the above-mentioned point. On such example included the alleged treatment of a suicidal prisoner on a death row in Texas. Apparently this prisoner was placed in a straightjacket handcuffsplaced on his wristsa crash helmet. was placed on his head and there he lay for weeks, helpless, alone and drugged. (Article, p. 49) Unfortunately there is no information given as t o what else could prepare been done for the prisoner or what facilities the prison had to deal with this type of issue. This is also an anecdotal example given by someone on death row themselves. It is quite possible that this example may have been exaggerated or distorted in the re-telling or even told in an attempt to get cater in some form of trouble or get back at the staff for a wrong done against the prisoner.

An Ethical Dilemna Essay -- GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

An honourable DilemnaAfter three years with the telephoner, Sandy was promoted to champion plant manager. This was a big step for Unity Welding and Construction, as well as for the industry Sandy was one of only a smattering of women who had broken through the glass ceiling and made their way into management. She had proved to the men around her that she deserved the meditate, and she was now being toasted by admirer managers from other plants across the country conjuration, her boss, had been her advocate with the company. He had personally lobbied upper management in her behalf.Unity Welding and Construction is a national house with twenty fabrication plants, primarily in the South. The company does contract work for other companies that require welding or fabrication of metals into items used in the face of aircraft, ships, bridges, and component parts for consumer durables. Each plant caters to specific industries. Sandys plant produces parts primarily for the automotive industry and is located in genus Arizona. Arizona is perfect for Sandy because of her acute asthma problems. As a teenager, she once visited relatives in Atlanta and had to be hospitalized because of her reactions to the different plants and foliage. Sandys doctor told her at the time that she would have fewer problems with her asthma if she resided in one of the arid regions of the United States.Six months had passed since Sandys promotion, and her first performance rating from John was excellent. John told her that if she continued this type of performance, she would probably be a plant manager in three to six years.Sandy developed some ripe ways to increase productivity during her six months on the job. For example, she successfully implemented a team concept, which gave responsibility for certain projects to the workers on the plant floor. She offered incentives if they could decrease job times and increase profitability. John gave Sandy his full support, and the pro-gram was working well. Worker salaries on these special projects jumped from an average of $15 per hour to $24 per hour, yet the companys bottom line continued to improve. Workers in the plant began competing to get on special projects.With the increasing competition, Sandy noticed that the workers were starting to cut corners. insignificant worker injuries began to increase, and Sandy was concerned about how... ...or. Sandy cannot modify the quality control statistics even if it means she will loose her job, and she cannot overlook the workers disposing of toxic depopulate improperly. Even if this means that she will be one of many, loosing their jobs. As a Rule Utilitarian Sandy cannot forget about OSHA or the EPA. She will recount John that she cannot change the information on company documents because it is unethical. Sandy will do what is morally right, even if it means she will lose her job and her wellness insurance along with many other employees. Looking at these various o utcomes from just one dilemma shows how differently a situation can round of golf out because of someones ethical and moral philosophies. We all must make ethical decisions, and some decisions are much harder to decide then others because of what is at stake. By looking at these different philosophies, I was not trying to judge or decide what is morally right or morally wrong, instead I was just trying to bring to light how a decision can have an effect on everyone around them.BibliographyFarrell, O. C., & Fraedrich, J. (1997). Business Ethics Ethical Decision Making and Cases. New York Houghton Mifflin Company

Decision To Fund The Atomic Bomb :: essays research papers

"No man-made phenomenon of such tremendous power hadever occurred before. The lighten up effects beggareddescription. The whole country was lighted by a searing lightwith the intensity many times greater than that of the middaysun. It was golden, purple, violet, gray, and blue..."( Groueff355). The words of Brigadier widely distri anded Thomas F. Farrelldescribe the onset of the atomic age, which began on July16, 1945 in Alamogordo, New Mexico. This was the site ofthe first large-scale atomic test, which utilized the tool ofdestruction that would presently decimate the populations ofHiroshima and Nagasaki less than a month afterwards. Thistest consummated the years spent developing the bomb, andwas the end result of the efforts of nuclear scientists whoconstructed it, and those of President Franklin DelanoRoosevelt, who made the finish to fund the so-calledManhattan Project.In a letter dated August 2nd, 1939, Albert Einstein firstinformed President Roosevelt of the resea rch that had beendone by Enrico femtometer and Leo Szilard with unstableUranium which could generate large amounts of power andenergy (Einstein1 PSF Safe Files). Einstein also includedanother possible use for the uranium- the social structure ofextremely powerful bombs, which were capable ofdestroying a seaport and the surrounding territory. Thisinformation may have come precisely at the right time, for inOctober of 1938 Roosevelt asked relative for a $300million military appropriation, and in November instructedthe Army Air Corps to plan for an annual production oftwenty thousand planes. Later, in 1939, Roosevelt called foractions against " assaulter nations," and in the same yearsubmitted to Congress a $1.3 billion defense budget (Boyer861). In an accompanying memorandum that was sent withthe Einstein letter, scientist Leo Szilard explained the technological science of nuclear fission and stressing theimportance of chain reactions (Walls 1 PFS Safe Files).Both documents, the Einstein letter and the Szilardmemorandum, were to be delivered by Alexander Sachs, anadviser to Roosevelts New Deal since 1933 who wouldknow how to approach Roosevelt and the government(Lanouette 200). It was not until mid-October 1939 thatSachs wangled an invitation to get in to see the Presidentover breakfast (Burns 250). Though Roosevelt found thedocuments interesting, he seemed hesitant about committinggovernment funds to such speculative research. But afterSachs reminded him of Napoleons skepticism of RobertFultons idea of a steamship, Roosevelt concord to proceed.Regarding the steamship issue, Sachs went on to comment,"This is an example of how England was saved by theshortsightedness of an adversary," this insight madeRoosevelt greatly consider the creation of the bomb.President Roosevelt authorized a study, but the decision to

Lunatics Taking Over the Asylum: Cultural Chaos in 1960s America :: essays papers

Lunatics Taking Over the Asylum Cultural Chaos in mid-sixties AmericaAll You take up Is Hate If life in the 1960s was a collective journey to the Underworld, then it is terrifying to notice how many of us have failed to come back. (Marshall Berman, The Sixties) The 1960s formed one of the most culturally complex periods in Americas history, and the analysis of this era is just as problematic. During this time, American society go through an outpouring of filmic, literary and musical texts that challenged traditional institutions such as the Christian church, the government and the family unit. It would be nave to argue that this period witnessed the first or the belong instance of subversive propaganda targeted at young people, for the many dissenting voices herein did not emerge by random chance. The formulation of a more politically aw are youth culture in America and, to a lesser but still important extent, Great Britain, was a gradual process that had been winning hold for c onsiderable time, not one that exploded into being when Bob Dylan or John Lennon began writing protest songs. However, while it remains a return of some contention where exactly these anti-authoritarian sentiments originated, it is my opinion that this discontentment gained real momentum during the 1950s and 1960s.Firstly, the group of friends and writers most commonly known as the Beats evolved dramatically in focal points such as Greenwich Village and Columbia University, and subsequently spread their political and cultural views to a wider audience. The three Beat figureheads William S. Burroughs, Allen Ginsberg and Jack Kerouac separately perceived an agenda within American society to clamp down on those who were in some way different from the accepted norm, and in response deliberately flirted with the un-American practices of Buddhism, drug use, homosexualism and the avant-garde. Ginsberg courted danger by lending a voice to the homosexual subculture that had been marginali sed by repressive social traditions and cultural patterns within the United States. Homosexuality remained illegal in most parts of America until the 1960s, but Ginsberg refused to equate his Gay identity with criminality. He wrote about his homosexuality in almost every poem that he wrote, most specifically in Many Loves (1956) and Please Master (1968), his paeans to his errant lover Neal Cassady. Ginsbergs poems are full of explicit sexual detail and scatological humour, but the inclusion of such details should not be interpreted as a puerile attempt to incense the prudish and the square.

Lunatics Taking Over the Asylum: Cultural Chaos in 1960s America :: essays papers

Lunatics Taking Over the Asylum Cultural Chaos in 1960s the StatesAll You Need Is Hate If life in the 1960s was a collective journey to the Underworld, then it is terrifying to notice how many of us halt failed to come back. (Marshall Berman, The Sixties) The 1960s formed one of the most culturally complex periods in Americas history, and the analysis of this era is just as problematic. During this time, American society experienced an outpouring of filmic, literary and musical texts that challenged traditional institutions such as the Christian church, the government and the family unit. It would be nave to argue that this period witnessed the low gear or the last instance of subversive propaganda targeted at young people, for the many dissenting voices herein did not emerge by random chance. The formulation of a more politically aware youth culture in America and, to a lesser but still important extent, Great Britain, was a gradual process that had been taking hold for considera ble time, not one that exploded into being when Bob Dylan or John Lennon began writing protest songs. However, while it rest a matter of some contention where exactly these anti-authoritarian sentiments originated, it is my opinion that this discontentment gained real momentum during the 1950s and 1960s.Firstly, the group of friends and writers most commonly known as the lambasts evolved dramatically in focal points such as Greenwich Village and Columbia University, and subsequently spread their political and cultural views to a wider audience. The three Beat figureheads William S. Burroughs, Allen Ginsberg and Jack Kerouac each perceived an agenda within American society to clamp down on those who were in some way different from the certain norm, and in response deliberately flirted with the un-American practices of Buddhism, drug use, homosexuality and the avant-garde. Ginsberg courted danger by lending a voice to the homosexual subculture that had been marginalised by repressi ve social traditions and cultural patterns within the United States. Homosexuality remained illegal in most parts of America until the 1960s, but Ginsberg refused to equate his Gay identity with criminality. He wrote about his homosexuality in almost every poem that he wrote, most specifically in Many Loves (1956) and Please Master (1968), his paeans to his errant lover Neal Cassady. Ginsbergs poems are full of explicit sexual detail and scatological humour, but the inclusion of such details should not be interpreted as a childish attempt to incense the prudish and the square.

Cultural Comparison

I give birth chosen three stories of women evolution up in relationship to th succession period in which they startd, their ethnicity,the customs of their countries and how they attempted to handle their bearing situations. Child f the the Statess by Aurora Morales, gives us a view of a woman who is happy with herself and adjusts well to her livelihood. The second is What Its Like to be a Black Girl by Patricia Smith, a story of transition from childhood to adulthood for a young black girl having problems with both turning up and her place as a black woman in society.The third Country Lovers by Nadine Gordimer is the story of comeing up in sulphur Africa as a repressed young black woman. Child of the Americas by Aurora Morales, is tribute to her multiple identity. The word diasposa is the perfect description of her hereditary pattern. It means the dispersion of a people from their ancestral home . She is a descendent of Latin American, Jewish, Aftican and North American her itage and she describes herself as saying she is none of these things outwardly, they be at bottom her (Clugston).. This collage of nationalities forms the subject area of this poem.The canal of She clearly knows who she is and is proud of the fact that she is confident. The tone of this poem is upbeat and is developed in this upbeat manner. She is different and likes being different. She realizes her inherited background has a twilight(prenominal) side, ghettoes I have never seen citation . Even her use of symbolism, I speak English with passion its the tongue of my consciousness, a flashing knife blade of cristal, my tool, my craft. Shows pride in who she is. The setting of this story is important. She is a U. S. American who could have been born in any of the other countries of their heritage.This is a story of self discovery and it is obvious she likes what she sees. What it is like to be a black girl in in fact the opposite of Child of the Americas. She is a young black girl, who discovers she is growing up. She talks active being nine and feeling like she al right and too add to this she had the problem of a racially prejudice society. She hopes for something better to come in her life She wishes to be whilte, putting food coloring in her eyes to try to change them and a white mophead on her head over her hair. She wanted to grow into a more accepted form.She used other ways to tell how she wanted to grow into something different, She was having trouble grownng up with issusess that did not include the racial issue.. It is an insiers view into a young black girls transition into black woman-hood at a time where both being a black girl and a black woman was not as welcomed It discusses the conflict she has between being a little girl jumping double Dutch until your legs pop and growing tall it talks or so when she marries and becomes submissive to a ma as women did in her era.In comparison to Child of the Americas, the feeling or tone of the stor y is in complete opposition to the bouncy, girl, proud of her heritage l I have n ow covered two different heritages, one who is proud of her heritage and it is apparent that she looks forward to her future. The second is of the transition of a woman who is not authorized of her future in relationship to her heritage. The third story begins as a mellow story of two young people who grow up unitedly discover apiece other, but apparently the girl has no future, other than the one in which she is destined to live the rest of her life.The tone of this story becomes dark and hard as the young woman realizes she has no future and no control of her future. The characters and their background are important in each of these three stories. In all three stories, the character and their reaction to their ethnicity in relationship to how they feel nigh themselves is the key point of each story. Their reactions range from feeling good about themselves, vibrant and alive to feeling that they h ad a set pattern in life and had to learn to grow up and live it, to feeling as if they are of no importance to anyone at all.The theme of these three stories appears to be intertwined. The reasoning for these themes are not the same, but they are related. They all include learning to live with yourself and your conditions in relationship to your cultural background, your area in which you live , your own internal feelings and the feelings of others toward you. In each story, the situations were handled differently The character in Child of the Americas is alter to the fact that she is unique and is proud of herself.The character in Country Lovers has made mistakes in her life, adjusted to limitations in life and is simply trying to live life in the only way she knows how to survive. The theme is What its like to grow up black, has a less apparent theme than the other two. It appears to consider how hard it is to grow up at all, much less during the time period a transition in the place of the people of her heritage in the world. The main theme of these three stories is that we need to be honest with ourselves and live life in the best way we can The tone of each story differs but each added to the individual reading of these tories. The Child of the Americas was an upbeat reading to begin with and was reflected in the tone. It made me think of my own heritage and how it contributed to the person I am today. The tone of What is like to grow up black had a tone that suggested a little sadness and confusion. The tone made me reflect onmy own childhood. I could realize with the confusion of childhood. I was growing up in the 1960s and though my ethnic backround is different, each of us in that era we were both women and had decisions to make about our future. Our character seemed to think her future was marriage.The third character was growing up in South /Africa during a time of race oppression compared to the United States thraldom times, so the theme appea red to be quite different from the theme of the first gear two stories. It used childhood innocence and exploration and added the forbidden dimension of detachment of races to form her childhood and rise into adulthood, In conclusion, the tone of each story differed but all three ended with the characters knowing where they belonged in the world. The historical thought of each story played an important part of each story.Looking at each authors background their other writings helps us to understand the reasoning behind each story. Our textbook tells us that Nadine Gordimer was born and raised in South Africa and has lived there all her life except for a year spent at college. Her writing reflects her strong opposition to apartheid which oppressed the black population of South Africa for almost fifty years,, ending in 1994, Apartheid was a socioeconomic system that managed to oppress the black population though they were in the majority of South African people.Many of her leans t alked about patricia smith is a modern poet known for slam poetry. It is said she speaks for the foices of thoe who have not been heard. Her poetry includes stories of mothers of murdered black youths, the undertakers who try to patch up the bodies, the skinheads whose hate twists America in a knotl Born raised and beginning work as a columinist for Chicago Tribune, she transplanted to New England where she became a columnist for the Boston Globe. She told the same stories development the same techniques and gave birth to slam poetry, using real issues and slamming the point home.In this capacity she lost her credibility when it was discovered that many another(prenominal) of her stories create verbally in newspapers as facts, were in fact not true stories. It cost her her career, her marriage and the Pulitzer prize. She has recovered from these downfalls and continues to write and perform slam poetry. http//www. english. illinois. edu/maps/poets/s_z/p_smith/p_smith. htm Aurora M orales, author of Child of the Americas was born in Puerto Rico, the child of a Puerto Rican mother and Jewish father.She moved to the United States in 1967 and has proven herself to be a social activist, concerened with issues of third world people, especially women. She uses her Puerto Rican heritage to identify on a global perspective. Her work discusses sesual abuse racial discrimination and such far ranging topicsa as ecology and social justice. She along with many other women of color who are writers in the U. S, stry to stress the importance of female ethnic heritage in relationship to the development of a feminine voice. She authored her first book, her most important and acclaimed one with her mother.It was a common project in which both of them fouond peace and refuge against discrimination and oppression in writing about themes using their Puerto Rican identity, expressing opinions of third world feminism, , womens relationships and self discovery through a past heritage. It was through this writing that Child of the Americas was born. She and her mother feel that diversity is a source of pawe and home is everywhere. At present she and her mother are attempting to tell the muniment of peurto Rio through womens ancestors who have been silenced.It is unusual work, mixing history of oppressed women with medicinal herb remedies. The two women feel tht reliving and opening up old painful wounds of wimens mistreatment is a way of cleansing and mend the past. http//www. uhu. es/antonia. dominguez/pricans/aurora_levins_morales. htm The varied backgrounds of these three women come together to make them writers who write about oppressed and downtrodden peoples. Each in their real lives has worked to correct these problems/ The time line of the history of these three authors has also influenced the historical aspecof each piece of work.They were acve in the 1960s in which lay the most influencial racial issues of modern day. Apathaid oin south Africa was info rced and Apartheid was begun as a result of greed for the diamonds of South Africa. To insure that the smallest amount of people would have the rights, certain laws were enabled. In 1948 laws that were enacted that pertained to every aspect of social life. From the ability for racial marriage to the instillation of white only jobs. This discrimination included naming people by their color, their parents color.The black, white, or other nationality were the only ones accepted. If one was considered black. He had to keep a pass at all times, that even included his fingerprints. These were the conditions that were in affect during the writing of Country Lovers. http//www. hoover. org/publications/hoover-digest/by-topic/1076 The civil rights movement occurred between 1955 and 1968, /the movement in the main wanted to abolish discrimination toward African Americans. It began in the south where whites were segregated from blacks.These people were treated ruely because of their color an d everything from transportation to the use of public drinking fountains was affected. flat famous black Americans such as rosa parks and martin luthor king took up the causedelivering speeches, making people aware of the unjustice There were deaths including Martin Luthor King but at last the Civil Rights Act was signed by President Johnson in 1964. All of these discrimination acts occurred during the time all three authors were writing, so it is quite logical that their work would be filled with reference to the unjustice off treatment of the black race in their writings.I feel the similarities of these three stories comes within the plot. I feel these stories were written to make people aware of the pastplight of black women and as Aurora Morales has done publicly, keep a record of their heritage of this injustice. The p lot is as unanalyzable as helping a woman rise above injustice. To bring these three stories together. Their similarities far outweigh their difference. They were historically written in a time of injustice for the black race. The tone of each story reflects the attitude of each woman in relationship to her race.ReferencesAnonymous (2011) http//www.hoover.org/publications/hoover-digest/by-topic/1076 morales (2010) http//www.uhu.es/antonia.dominguez/pricans/aurora_levins_morales.htm Smith P. (2007)http//www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/s_z/p_smith/p_smith.htm Anonymous (2009) http//learningzoneclass.com/aoat11/cayco/history.html Anonymous (2001) http//scholar.library.miami.edu/ sixties/urbanRiots.php

Barristers and Solicitors

Explain the selection and appointment process of solicitors and barristers (14) Solicitors argon front line faithfulnessyers who micturate direct feeler to clients, providing a wide range of legal services. They are regarded as more accessible to the world than barristers. The number of solicitors has increased by 50% in the exist 10 years. There are several stages in which a solicitor has to work through before put awaying. The first stage is the Academic stage. 55% of solicitors have a integrity degree. Those who have a degree in a nonher subject can take a 1 year renewing course.Some solicitors qualify through the ILEX (Institute of Legal Executives) Once they have completed the academic stage, they must complete a professional course known as the LPC (Legal figure dividing line). Here, students are taught general legal skills such as legal ethics, solicitors accounts, professional conduct and subject specialisms such as conveyancing, business law, family law and legal a id. Finally, all students, except ILEX students who have worked for a solicitors firm for at least 5 years, must complete a training contract.This is ordinarily two years where the student is attached to a practicing solicitor, like an apprenticeship. However there is fierce competition for training contracts. Once completed, they are a sufficient solicitor. Barristers are specialist legal advisors and court room advocates. They are independent and trained to advise clients on the strengths and weaknesses of their case. There are more stages to the training of a barrister to that of a solicitor. The first stage is also the Academic stage.Most barristers have a law degree, although they can also do a one year conversion course. It is necessary to belong to one of the Inns of Court in order to become a barrister. These are the Inner Temple, Middle Temple, Lincolns Inn and grey-haireds Inn. When a trainee barrister joins one of the Inns they can be called to the bar which is part of the procedure by which students become qualified barristers. The choice of Inns is ad hominem and depends on which area of law you wish to specialise in.On completing the Academic stage, the students then progress onto the professional course for barristers called the Bar Professional Training Course (BPTC). Students study general skills as well as subjects such as civil litigation and remedies, criminal litigation and remedies etc. Next, the student is called to the bar and undertakes the abutting stage of training called pupillage, which is the practical part in which the student must find an experienced barrister who they can shadow. Finally, the Barrister must then look for a tenancy, differently known as a seat in Chambers from which he/she can work.To conclude, the selection and appointment process for solicitors and barristers are quite different although they two play an important role in the Criminal judge System. Outline the differences in the work the solicitors and barristers do Although both working within the Criminal Justice System, Solicitors and Barristers work very differently to each other. A solicitor is essentially a legal advisor who gives advice on common legal issues. There are currently over 60,000 licensed solicitors in the UK and they work most with clients.Solicitors are responsible for drafting letters and researching minor cases. Solicitors work much more closely with clients and they are often expected to handle the smaller, less interesting cases. While most solicitors have a specialty, such as family or commercial law, it is not essential. A solicitor is rarely expected to appear in court, unless it is a relatively minor civil issue. They are mandatorily employed by law practice firms. The other type of lawyer in the UK is a barrister. Barristers are trial lawyers. They spend most of their time either in court or researching the law.There are far fewer barristers in the UK than there are solicitors. The position not only requires additional training, but also a talent for public speaking and presentation. Unlike solicitors, barristers do not work for a firm. Instead, they are self-employed, but they must give a portion of their pay for the use of chamber or offices that are provided by the court. To conclude, Solicitors and Barristers both work differently within the English Legal System, but it are important that they work together. For example, Solicitors must skeleton the Barristers on the facts so that the Barrister can prepare a case.

Kfc Pizzahut Supply Chain

KFC/pizza chanty makes efficiency gains with atom-bomb Business tidings Businesses bewilder more agile, antiphonary and performance-focused Situation There are over 120 KFC and Pizza hutch outlets in Singapore, employing about 5,000 staff. Both brands also offer Singapore-wide deli precise services. In the baptistery of rapid business growth, KFC/Pizza Hut found that their business intelligence (BI) system was unable to cope. It fared badly when meeting somatic reporting requirements, benchmarking store performance, and step-down the cadence and costs spent on day-to-day reporting across multiple business systems. We faced daily challenges in producing timely reports and complex abridgment across our many restaurants and product lines to make informed decisions, said Mr Tan Teng Sern, carcass Analyst with KFC/ Pizza Hut in Singapore. For example, day-to-day operational reporting is required to calculate the pay to daily-rated workers like slant staff. Using the old BI sy stem, it could dramatize restaurant managers hours at the end of for each one day to running the number of deliveries that each rider had made, resulting in restaurant managers working overtime, and riders waiting for their payment.The system was also difficult to use and rigid in design. Work which could take up to a few days every month also went into generating reports to meet corporate requirements. The problem in generating timely reports also hindered KFC/ Pizza Huts ability to respond quickly to changes in the business environment. What they needed was a solution that would let them set different objectives for different departments, and monitor each departments performance. Case Study Name KFC & Pizza Hut Overview KFC and Pizza Hut are major players in the local food and drunkenness market.Since establishing the first KFC outlet in Singapore in 1977, the chain has grown to over 120 outlets employing about 5,000 staff. KFC/Pizza Hut faced difficulties when meeting corpora te reporting requirements, benchmarking store performance, and reduction the time and costs spent on reporting across multiple business systems. Products Used Zap Business intelligence Improving reporting and analysis across our restaurants and head offices offers considerable gains in efficiency and will enable our businesses to become more agile, responsive and performance-focused. Mr Tan Teng Sern System Analyst KFC/Pizza Hut Solution KFC/Pizza Hut embarked on a search for an affordable, high-performance and easy to maintain business intelligence and selective information warehousing solution. We could not afford to have a data warehouse project that would take months or years to implement, said Mr Tan. With the scale of hundreds of users, it would have been very costly for us to adopt most of the available solutions in the market. These requirements led KFC/Pizza Hut to Zap and its solution, Zap Business intelligence activity. We chose Zap Business Intelligence because it o ffers powerful functionality and proven scalability, and yet is easy to install, maintain, and use, said Mr Tan. The deployment aced its test with KFC/Pizza Hut when Zap was rolled out in the production environment. Here, users wanted to comprise other data sources to complete the corporate data warehouse, including Pointof-Sale, Marketing, HR/Payroll, and Supply Chain Management. With Zaps help, we built the data warehouse, OLAP cubes and business analytics content for the delivery service business in 10 days.After two months of parallel run and testing, we went live with the Zap Business Intelligence in September 2009, said Mr Tan. The Zap solution supports close to 400 users, including restaurant managers, operations managers, and back office directors. It brings together key BI capabilities including dashboards, analysis, reporting, KPIs and scorecards, all in a user-friendly mesh portal. We chose Zap Business Intelligence because it offers powerful functionality and proven sc alability, and yet is easy to install, maintain, and use, Mr Tan Teng Sern System Analyst KFC/Pizza HutBenefits Zaps Business Intelligence has resulted in many significant benefits for KFC/Pizza Hut. Improving reporting and analysis across our restaurants and head offices offers considerable gains in efficiency and will enable our businesses to become more agile, responsive and performance-focused, said Mr Tan. The BI system contributes to greater business agility in several ways 1) Optimizing marketing spend The system allows KFC/Pizza Hut to evaluate the effectiveness of marketing campaigns, enabling immediate adjustment of these campaigns to target them more effectively. ) Enabling strategic restaurant planning By analyzing gross revenue and demand, KFC/Pizza Hut can conduct more effective strategic planning to open the right restaurant at the right location at the right time. 3) Enhancing customer service The system analyzes delivery punctuality, and correlates it with paramete rs such as restaurant and rider, allowing management to make decisions to fine-tune operations, and improve customer service. 4) Improving sales The analysis of point-of-sale data enables KFC/Pizza Hut to measure the effectiveness of their package deals in order to improve sales.Cost savings Mr Tan estimated that KFC/Pizza Hut will gain a return on investment from Zap Business Intelligence within 12 months, particularly in reducing the bar of staff time spent on daily reporting. The Zap solution has resulted in cost savings in several areas, including improving labor efficiency. With Zap, the time taken for restaurant managers to check reports has been reduced from 30 minutes to about five minutes, and while operation managers and administrators used to spend about an hour a day retrieving reports, this can now be done almost instantly.This has resulted in significant labor cost savings. Another cost saving measure has been reducing the reliance on IT. Improving reporting and analy sis across our restaurants and head offices offers considerable gains in efficiency and will enable our businesses to become more agile, responsive and performance-focused, Mr Tan Teng Sern System Analyst KFC/Pizza Hut www. zaptechnology. com 2010 Zap Technology v0510

Discussion/ Technology and Operations management

routineization is here to stay and has become part of us. An succeedment begins with strategies that know what to modify instead of only dealing with difficulties in focal point. The Working together of both the operations and marketing departments improves results (Orlando, 2007). According to Booz & Company (2008) lack of coordination by the marketing department and regurgitate worry in doing some particular activities sets prices too high. This in turn affects the performance of customization strategies. Relationship amongst project management and marketing managementThe o kin between project management and marketing management is the objectives need to be the same. sellings main objective is to meet the demand and supply of consumers without sentiment of prices. The project manager is supposed to find a way to minimize these costs. (Booz & Company, 2008). They need to come to some level of agreement in terms of riding horse objectives so that they set specific objectiv es that reduces costs and keeps consumers satisfied. The other relationship between marketers and operations is cutting costs and satisfying consumers needs.There seems to be a conflict between project management and marketing department. Instead of cooperating with each other, they atomic number 18 at loggerheads. Marketing wants many a(prenominal) varieties to choose from while operations want to make those alterations at low costs. The other relationship between the deuce departments is that they atomic number 18 reimbursed differently. Marketing revolves around unit sales while project management main aid is about reducing manufacturing cost. Project managers and marketers do not have the same interests.This factor can strain there relationship between them. Project managers are technicians and doers. While marketers do not deal with specific issues (Booz & Company, 2008). Other relationship that they share between them is reduction of costs. When project managers, cut down costs and do not consult marketers then that becomes a problem. Relevance of project management in the work force Project management and marketing management are important to each other and there is need for harmonization for the two when working together.One department cannot do without the other, they are essential to each other (Booz & company,2008). The operations person assumes that, the sales people do not appreciate the cost factors while the sales people assume that the operations people do not appreciate that consumers are everything (Booz & company, 2008). There is need for a truce because in the event that they do not consult with each other it can append to much variety of goods or cause costs to escalate (Booz & company, 2008).Another importance is the involvement of top leadership in encouraging dialogue between the two departments. In addition, there needs to be a meeting where both, project management and marketing department discuss about strategies to create team s that are nonplus -functional. The relevance of finding a common ground to discuss these issues is of great importance as it attributes to actions that solely base on costing analysis (Booz & Company, 2008). What is sheer is what choices are made and when to make them.The importance is to know the main objective of your organizations purpose, as this entrust boost productions as well as marketing productivity. Appreciating both the real price and worth of the goods is important (Booze &Company, 2008). Organizations should centre there attention on customer understanding and set customizable elements into specific packages as an alternative of giving thousands of variations (Booze &Company, 2008). Incorporating strategic partners is essential in investigating costs productions (Orlando, 2007).Conclusion It is therefore apparent that project management helps in reducing cost productions, in the case of Egol, Booz &company, (2008) re genus Phalluss a situation where he modified nea rly all the machinery in trying to please the consumers wants because they had specific requirements. If consumers are overwhelmed with goods to buy, they get so unordered until they do not but at all. If here was an operational management they would have stopped the over indulgence.Reference Booz & Company. (2008).The challenge of customization Bringing Operations andMarketing together the global commercial consulting firm. Retrieved on 22nd July 2009. Available at http//www.strategy-business.com/press/sbkw2/sbkwarticle/sbkw040616?tid=230&pg=Orlando, F. S. (2007). Centered collaboration2007, Retrieved on 22nd July 2009.Available at http//www.gmaonline.org/events/2007/isld/presentations/overcomingc.pdf.Discussion/ engine room and Operations ManagementInternational Project management is very essential to control resource usage to ensure quality productions. International projects involve many people with different cultures and backgrounds. It is therefore necessary to have manageme nt system that harmonizes the cultural, social, governmental and economic differences amongst them. Project manager should be tactical and wise in decision devising to ensure every project member is well catered for and maximum utilization of the resources is achieved to meet project objectives (Kwak, 2002). Development of an foreign project management visualize in workplaceInternational project development environments are affected with many factors originating from within and outside the development environments by nature. International project development envision may be affected by cultural, social, political and economic factors and so the management plan should consider all these factors (Kwak, 2002). The external project management plan should consider all possible physical factors in the countries involved for mitigation. In addition, the laws and regulations governing different countries should be considered to ensure political stability.With the political factors solv ed, there will be change returns on investments due to reduction in risks resulting from uncertainties in the multinational project development environment. In any business, there has to be licit requirements to be met. An international project development management system has to meet all the legal requires in terms of government policies and regulations. These factors may affect prices, change rates in the markets, taxations and even financial management systems. This may lead to some people losing their jobs and others incurring losses in the business.As a business right, political factors should be well managed to ensure market stability for the market users (Kwak, 2002). Cultural factors such as style or values should be considered when developing an international project development management system. Since some countries are not aware of the some cultural resources in other countries, assistance should be provided to facilitate the international projects development proce ss. Cultural value should be arrange into consideration when designing the management system. When planning for an international project management system, technological factors should be put down in to consideration.This is because technological designs and level of use vary from country to country (Kwak, 2002). This may lead to varied participation levels in a project and so a project manager should consider the variation to successfully manage a project. Employing project management techniques to skillfully and ethically lead interwoven international projects in organizations Project management is a technique through which projects can be evaluated to encourage soft skills application in contrast with the hard skills to achieve the project goals.Soft skills are mostly based on the technical resources required to carryout a project such as stakeholders contributions, collaboration or teamwork, organizational behaviors and management strategies (Marques, 2005). According to Har old (2005), for a successful project management in an organization, skillful and ethical techniques for a success in a complex or liberal organization are as follows. First, there has to be process integrations in the organizations. Integration of processes involves forming teamwork or collaborations in a project to ensure every members requirements are catered for in the product design.In addition, teamwork ensures success because of improved participation amongst members. Second, incorporation of cultural values at the design stages of a management system. internalization of the cultural values in multicultural organization will ensure equitable presentation of all members rights and therefore not to lower their dignity or abuse their rights (Harold, 2005). Third, information and support managements, which includes monitoring and assessing the communication systems to capture everyones views in terms of comments or suggestions.Forth, trainings should be provided to all members of an organization particularly in technology use to enable them to embrace technology use. In many occasions, management well dexterous employees in an organization are highly authorise and they participate fully in all areas within the organization to improve productivity. Fifth, behavioral excellence that involves instilling ethical values to the employees. Employees have to know their rights and how to value them in the organization.Management system should provide fro a way in which petitions in the working environment can be solved fairly to create accordance and harmony amongst workers (Harold, 2005). Diversity & cross-cultural perspectives, Team building skills, Decision making in the workplace In a multicultural environment, there has to be change management, which enables new members in the organization to be induced well and successful fit in the new working environment. Decision-making based production methods should be put in to considerations to avoid resource wastag es and satisfy all internal requirements in an organization.Lean manufacturing should be adopted to only produce when needed to minimize resource exercise in the organization (Joomla, 2009). In addition to lean manufacturing, project management should be carried out in all projects in an organization. This is to ensure quality performances to always improve in productions. Project management will also ensure cost effective use of resources particularly in a enceinte and complex organization. In diverse and multicultural organizations, conflicts are likely to happen due to the cultural and environmental differences.Conflict management system should be availed to provide fair judgments to the organizational members. Teamwork or collaboration should be encouraged to facilitate decision-making and enhance innovativeness (Joomla, 2009). Enhanced decision making and innovativeness will lead to quality production through making good plans for investments. Innovation may also lead to imp rovements in the supply chain levels. A well-managed supply chain model can be improved through innovation or technology use to eliminate non-value adding processes to production processes.Conclusion Project management is very fundamental in all projects whether in large or small organizations. International project management is just as necessary as the local ones (Marques, 2005). In multicultural organizations, the employees have to be trained on various social, cultural, political and economic factors to ensure uniformity during a joint project. Project managers are required to consider the cultural factors when designing a management structure for all the members to be accommodated and be free to fully participate in the organizational tasks.ReferenceHarold, K. (2005). Advanced Project Management outstrip Practices on Implementation, 2nded, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New JerseyJoomla. (2009). Certification, Innovation, Decision Making, Project Management, TeamBuilding, Conflic t Management Certification Programs for Educational and Business Organizations Standards or Courses Custom Designed for your Organization. Joomla. Viewed on 13th June 2009, Available at http//endeavourprojects.com/JoomlaKwak, Y. H. (2002). Critical Success Factors in International Development ProjectManagement. Viewed on 13th June 2009. Available at http//home.gwu.edu/kwak/Kwak_CIB65_2002.pdfMarques, G. M. (2005). Discussion of the distinguishing features of Project Managementin the 21st Century. Viewed on 13th June 2009. Available at http//www.caaei.org/anexos/65.doc

Hickey Fate Versus Free Will Oedipus Rex

The downfall of Oedipus was due to free will rather than fate shown in his De minding of information and his immediate, wild actions. Oedipus being the arrogant king he is, was constantly looking for information when others had informed him that it would not be useful, even damaging to Oedipal uses current life and considerably being. In an exchange between Oedipus and Tires, Oedipus had deem need Tires to him palace to tell him his prophecy and who was the one who had killed Alias and plagued the and.Tires responded to these demands with l will cause neither me nor y o distress. Why do you vainly question me like this? You will not learn a thing from me,. Tires clearly tells Oedipus there is no derive to this knowledge giving Oedipus the opportunity to stop questioning the blind prophet but it was Oedipus filling to continue to pester the old ma n until the annihilative truth was revealed to him and in his ignorance questioned Who t old you to say this? Rather than face the tru th he had demanded.Oedipus later seeded inform nation to whether e killed his fetch and who his birth father truly was. His wife, and later to be discovered mother, stated In the name of the gods, no If you have some concern for you our own life, accordingly stop Do not keep investigating this. I will suffer that will be enough. Though J coasts begs him, he continues to freely search for information that would bring him no be unfit when he could have ended his search right then. Due to his choosing, Oedipus looked for info urination when he could have listened to those around him and lived out a nice, yet ignorant life to the truth.Though Oedipus could defeat the sphinx with his intelligence, intelligence coo old not stop him from the irrational actions he chose. Once the pieces of information had finally matched up and he revealed the truth he had searched for, Oedipus and his mother took t heir fates into their own hands. Oedipus found his mother hung in their bedroom, utterly and then decided to take her jewelry and stabbed his own eyes out. Though the news was devastating, these e actions were overly dramatic, considering both beings had known their prophecy but it was their choice to sake such harsh actions.Though it was fate who had propelled Oedipus to sat b his eyes out, it was Oedipus choice to do so rather than think rationally about how to go ABA out such a horrid situation. Oedipus had known his fate from the beginning but it was his choice to contain u to look for the information he had been warned not to find and stab out the eyes that t had blinded him from the truth all along. Fate is something that is inevitable but it is the choice of the one whose fate is mulish to how they go about the destined events that will occur.

A Collection of Essays by George Orwell

Book Review pic Essays of Orwell pic George Orwell (1903 1950) pic Edited by M. G. Nayar Review done by pic Fahimuddin Shaikh weave no. 44 R. H. Patel English Medium B. Ed. College Kadi Sarva VishwaVidya impersonatea Campus, Sector 23, Gandhinagar. Year 2007-2008 Introduction 1) The Aims of Book analyse The maintain-review is appreciating, analyzing and criticizing a book wherein the reviewer goes through the book comprehensively to come out with his own ideas about the book and its value in terms of its internal and external features i. e. he content, subject-matter, theme, langu be on, target appropriateness, impact upon the readers, the ability of the spellr to convey his ideas and intention behind his snip as well as the composing, binding, price, size and other physical features of the book. 2) Objectives of Book review 1. The students develop compose expertness by preparing nones. 2. The students develop interest in reading. 3. The students develop the reading skil l. 4. The students involve the hobby to develop the attitude of reading. 5. The students organize their thoughts. 6. The students get to know the nature of the book. 3) importance of Book review It enriches the knowledge. It enriches the wording. It improves the skill of reading, writing and pre directation. It develops the thinking ability. (4 ) Advantages of Book review As B. Ed. is a sunrise(prenominal) field for teacher-trainees to get acquainted with various types of books, the book-review enables them to acquire necessary skills of reading, writing, appreciating, criticizing and presentation. (5) Title of the book The style of the book selected for the book-review is Essays of Orwell alter by M. G. Nayar. (6) The excogitations of selecting a particular book Selection of a particular book depends upon the accept and the interest of the reviewer.The reviewer can review the book which he liked the most regarding the content or idea of the book. Or he can review a book to appreciate a particular work of art or literature or some useful information given over in the book. I have selected Essays of Orwell which is a compilation of attempts written by George Orwell (1903-1950) in a in uprightness simple and lucid language. The aim of my selecting the Essays of Orwell for the book-review is that the author sh atomic number 18s his real-life get a lines written with dandy earnestness and with the purpose of exposing, ridiculing and reforming the evils that prevailed in his age.Also the look fors founds out the authors extra common wide range of taste and concerns like social, cultural literary, political and autobiographical. a personal manner features of the book 1) Name of the book The name of the book selected for the book-review is Essays of Orwell and is edited by M. G. Nayar. 2) Name and detail of the author The author of the book is George Orwell, one of the most handsome striveists of the 20th century. Eric Arthur Blair, who later became famous as George Orwell, was born at Motihari in Bengal where his father Richard Blair was employed in the Customs and Excise Department of the Government of India. pic Orwell was sent to England at a very early age and he saw very little of his father till he returned to England on his retirement. His early old age were very unhappy he was lonely and had few playmates or companions. He had two sisters, a father and a mother exclusively of whom were no nestled to him. They were poor and the family depended solely on Mr. Blairs small pension which was barely enough to keep up appearances. They found an exclusive preparatory crop in the south coast, which was prepared to take the promising boy at a concessional rate in the expectation that he would win a scholarship and bring credit to the domesticate.The lonely and sensitive boy had a very unhappy time in this school run by a snobbish sea c tending(p)ain and his equally snobbish wife. They neer missed any opportunity to remind him that his parents were poor and that he was there through their charity. Orwell gives a vivid description of his school (under the fictional name Crossgates) and his sufferings there in his long essay satirically titled Such, Such were the Days. He tells us I had no money, I was weak, I was ugly, I was unpopular, I had a chronic cough, I was cowardly, I smelt.. The humiliations inflicted on the sensitive and self-conscious boy in his wretched school by his bullying classmates as well as by those in authority left a deep scar on his soul. But from his childishness he had made up his mind to become a reliever. He writes in his Why I Write, From the very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, I knew that when I grew up I should be a writer. Between the ages of about seventeen and twenty-four I tried to desolate this idea, solely I did so with the consciousness that I was outraging my true nature and that sooner or later I should have to peg downtle down and write bo oks. Writing would also enable him to answer two compelling needs of his nature, namely, to fight against injustice and oppression in all its forms, and to take upon himself the sins of the world and coif atonement. Orwell essays show his deep concern with contemporary reality and its awareness of its sordid aspects. In other dustup we may say that its a harvest-festival of his endeavour to remove various evils to reform the world around him so as to make it a better place to consist in. Apart from essay Orwell is also known for his novels.Orwell shot into world-wide fame with the publication in 1945 of Animal Farm, a brilliant Swiftian satire on Russian Stalinism, authoritarian government and valet fallibility and brutality. One of his most popular novels is 1984 which presents a striking spectacle of totalitarianism in action. 3) Name of the Publisher and Edition The book is produce by Macmillan India Limited and edited by M. G. Nayar. It was first published in the year 198 0 and it has been reprinted in 1981, 1986 and 1994. 4) Cover knave and Back page The cover page is green-coloured thick paper with its title Essays of ORWELL printed upon it inside a hexagonal white border. At the top is written the name of the publisher and at the bottom is the name of the editor. The back page is a plain white thick paper with the name of the publisher written on it. 5) Price of the book The price of the book is Rs. 28. 00 6) No. of pages and no. of chapters The book runs into 159 pages along with 11 pages of introduction at the beginning. The book consists of 12 essays on different subjects. 7) Binding of the book The book is loosely bound with gum.The cover page is not strong enough to hold the pages of the book with the gum. 8) Fonts shapes and size, printing size of the book The fonts of the book are readable and have appropriate size. Proper line-spacing is given between the lines for a comfortable reading. The book is a pocket-size one and easy to tr ump outow. internal features of the book (a)Theme of the book The theme of the book Essays of Orwell is promoting the moral responsibilities among people. Orwell feels stimulate with the intellectual dishonesty and moral depravity of his times and feels regret over the loss of sound values.He revolts against the various ills of his age, like injustice, inequality and loss of case-by-case license. The theme of the book revolves round the idea to reform the people by inculcating the ideas of decency, integrity and intellectual liberty. b) Chapterisation The book consists of 12 essays each of which are interesting and self-collected with the authors qualitative analysis of the situations of the new world order. The central idea of some of the important essays are as follows Essay I. Reflections on Gandhi George Orwell showers praises on Mahatma Gandhiji referring to his autobiography The Story of My Experiments with Truth.The essay enables to see how the Western rationalist vi ews the life an doctrines of the Mahatma whose life the author considers as a sort of pilgrimage in which every act was significant. Even though he fought against the mighty British Empire through the principle of non-violence the British officials who spoke of him with a mixture of recreation and disapproval also unfeignedly liked and admired him. Orwell stating Gandhis qualities says, Nobody ever suggested that he was corrupt, or ambitious in any vulgar way, or that anything he did was actuated by fear or malice. He further says, His character was an extraordinarily mixed one, but there was almost nothing in it that you can put your finger on and call bad, and I believe that even Gandhis worst enemies would admit that he was an interesting and unusual manhood who enriched the world simply by being alive. While admiring Gandhijis uncommon physical courage, his incorruptibility and political integrity, Orwell finds in the high moral values held scared by Gandhiji, especially in the doctrine of non-attachment, a vein of anti-humanism a quality which made him more saintly than human.Orwell ends the essay by the remark, .. but regarded simply as a politician, and compared with the other leading political figures of our time, how clean a smell he has managed to leave behind. Essay II. Shooting an Elephant This essay enables us to get a glimpse of the authors experiences in Burma where he was employed in the British Imperial Police (1922-1927). Orwell had already come to regard imperialism as very largely a racket. And he knew he was ill fitted for the role he was called upon to play. During this period of Imperial service a sense of guilt continually haunted him.While secretly he condemned imperialism as an evil, he was embittered by the anti-European sentiment among the natives who hated him as a representative of British Imperialism. The incident set forth here brought home to him the tyranny that imperialism imposes on the ruler as well as the rule. It was as he marched at the head of an expectant crowd, rifle in hand, to shoot the mad elephant, that the irony of his own position struck him. He instinctively recoiled from the destructive act to which he had committed himself, but, should he fail to carry it out, he knew he would be ridiculed by the crowd that followed him.It was therefore imperative that he should impress them in order to be considered firm, fearless, imperturbable and capable of go to the occasion in a crisis. Torn between the immediate need to play the Sahib and his own ingrained aversion to the role thrust upon him, he set about the assess of shooting the elephant, though it had never been his intention to kill the animal. Finding himself thus caught between two tyrannies the tyranny of the ruler and the tyranny of the ruled that seemed to push him to and fro as if he were an absurd puppet he realized the futility of Imperialism that deprives the tyrant himself of his free will.Essay III. You and the Atom Bomb This essay was first published in the Tribune (19 October 1945). Here Orwell discusses the effect of the power that a sophisticated weapon is likely to bestow on the strong and affluent nations and the consequent threat to the freedom of the weaker ones. The more complex and expensive a weapon is, the more are the chances of its becoming the monopoly of the state and the more likely it is to keep its people under subjection. In the past, as the major weapons were accessible to the people, they could rise in revolt against despotic governments.But the atomic bomb, being expensive and difficult to manufacture, will ever rest a rare weapon under state control and any revolt of the exploited classes will be rendered more and more difficult in future. And if the number of states possessing the bomb increases, it is unlikely that they will use it against one another, but they will tend to be despotic within and aggressive without, and as a result the poorer nations which cannot aff ord to make it will always be in danger of losing their freedom.In these circumstances, a reimposition of slavery like that of ancient Rome and Greece is a possibility that cannot be wholly ruled out. Essay IV. How the Poor Die This is a chapter from the authors days of penury and vagrancy in Paris. Here, Orwell tells us of his experience in a French infirmary where he was treated for pneumonia in 1929. From his own bed in the dingy public ward of Hospital X in Paris, he could watch everything that went on around him with a gently critical eye. The poor died of disease and neglect, getting very little by way of real medical aid or human sympathy.The account we ger of the patients, doctors, nurses, and of the whole sordid atmosphere of the ward reads almost like the pages of a novel. The primitive conditions of the hospital callous indifference of the doctors and nurses who regarded the patients as nothing more than specimen reminded him which used to be houses of torture rather th an centres of healing. The broad(a) picture is painted with a certain degree of detachment, devoid of any cynicism or sentimentality, but marked by a fine sense of humour. Essay V. New WordsIn this essay (1940), Orwell dwells on the need to coin new words to communicate certain feelings that are too subtle for expression. He feels that there is a considerable duty of human experience that lies beyond the descriptive power of words, especially aesthetic and moral feeling, our likes and dislikes and all that concerns our inner life. Orwell here discusses the possibility of bridging these gaps in language by inventing new words. He refers to certain methods, by which words may be coined, the source of methods like analogy, onomatopoeia and slang.Orwell hopes that large numbers of people apply themselves to the task of inventing new words on the basis of common experience so that we world be able to overcome the verbal inadequacy and give an objective populace to our thoughts. Essay VI. Propaganda and Demotic Speech The paradox about young propaganda is its unintelligibility and its consequent failure to impress the audience it is aimed at. According to Orwell, this is due to the fact that the language used for the purpose has nothing to do with thelanguage of the common man. at that place is, in every language, a lot of difference between its written and spoken forms, but in English this difference is so glaring that the bookish language of Government leaflets or party pamphlets very often fails to get across, and succeeds at best only in creating vague and sometimes, erroneous impressions on the ordinary man. Eminent writers like Harold Laski also are guilty of this sin. Orwell says that, in order to appeal to the ordinary man, neither high-sounding words nor the educated accent which is viewed suspiciously by the working classes as an upper-class affectation, will serve as a vehicle of communication.The language of propaganda, to be effective, must be br ought closer to the language of the common man. A truly democratic government that needs to educate the public on matters of national interest will necessarily have to choose the right words and adopt the right tone the vocabulary and tone of a genuinely demotic speech. Essay VII. The Writing of History Orwell in his essay discusses the question of objectivity in the writing of history. It often happens that some of the facts of history get so mixed up with falsehood as to become indistinguishable from lies.Orwell cites certain verifiable facts of recent history which have, within a brief period of time, undergone such(prenominal) distortion. Truth, which is of paramount importance in the recording of events, seems to be at the mercy of might and the modern tendency to tamper with truth is likely to make the task of the future historian complex as well as difficult. Essay VIII. Bookish Memories After his return to England from Paris, before he could earn enough to live on his wri tings, in the early thirties, Orwell worked as a part-time assistant in a London bookshop, where he worked for about a year.Though it was deed for him, he had opportunities of observing customers of various kinds, including eccentrics, their habits and tastes. Here he records his impressions of such people with a half-humorous, half-indulgent attitude which, incidentally, enables us to get a glimpse into his own tastes and habits of reading. The essay reveals one curious face that Orwell lost his love of books. The changing literary tastes of the reading public are also brought out. Essay IX. The English Character In this essay Orwell perceptively analyzes the general characteristics of the English people with a remarkable degree of objectivity. The usual generalizations about the English character are vitiated by pre-conceived notions of the British aristocracy that is often drawn upon to typify the national image. Orwell draws our attention to the hitherto ignored majority the English commoners whose exclusion from the picture has so farther tended to perpetuate misleading notions about the race as a whole. The racial characteristics described like artistic insensibility, xenophobia, snobbery and hypocrisy are common to the entire race.The picture that emerges is no idealized image but a true one, as sharp and well defined as the reflection in an undistorting reverberate held up before English humanity as a whole, apt to jolt them out of their complacency rather than flatter their national pride. Essay X. The chaste Outlook of the English People In this essay Orwell draws our attention to the moral sense of the English people. While the majority of the English people are incorporeal to organized religion, some of the ethical aspects of Christianity do appeal to them still.In this age of power-politics, they cling to the belief that might is not right a truly Christian principle, though it is not one among the Biblical doctrines. That England has al ways supported the cause of the weak against the strong even when it was disadvantageous to them shows that the English do not fend for to the power cult. They are neither prudish nor lax about matters of sex, gambling and drinking. Violence of any sort is repellent to the English. They have an ingrained respect for the fair play and human liberty. The vaunted freedom of the press in England may largely be an illusion, but freedom of speech is a reality.The English people are never afraid to give expression to their opinions in public, but then they are never fanatic because they lack conviction, and being a phlegmatic race they are not easily roused to action. Essay XI. The English Class System Class distinctions are a vestige of the past still clinging to English society. The aristocracy of the feudal age was replaced by the nobility of the later periods, and the titled class today commands a certain respect, probably because of its traditional integrity, though its importance has been steadily dwindle away with the rise of the rich middle class.By adopting the habits and manners of the nobility, the rich middle class tends to become indistinguishable from the upper class. At the lower level, despite the aggression in the political field, the working classes which are not entirely free from snobbishness try to imitate the middle class in speech, manners and dress. There is also a large section of classless people the technically educated persons. Thus both at the top and the bottom, a sort of levelling make has been at work.On the whole, the general trend seems to be towards the blurring of class distinctions, though essentially English society remains what it used to be in the 19th century. Essay XII. Why I Write In this essay originally written in 1946 for publication in the journal Gangrel, Orwell discusses the impulses that prompted him to take to creative writing as a profession. The motives that urged him to turn author are mainly those that ur ge every artist, namely, egoism and aesthetic pleasure. Like other writers, Orwell too had a affectionateness for truth.What he calls the historical impulse is his concern for truth the truth about things as they are. In Orwells case, it was chiefly a concern for finding the truth about political institutions and movements as he understood them. In fact, the political purpose was strong and it bestowed on his writings a certain verve without alter his aesthetic and intellectual integrity. c) Presentation of satiate George Orwell in his essays has presented the issues that concerned him during the 1940s.In these essays we find considerations of the totalitarian impulse, the quality of modern intellectual life, the nature of modern art, nationalism, and the publication of the new managerial society. All the essays are inter-connected as they are concerned with the real life and invites the readers to ponder upon certain subtle issues concerning the human life. They are all essay s in thought and maintain a sequence of thought. Orwell has presented the content in his essays in the neutral style, good, limpid, contemporary, and it was always equal to its purposes. Within what seems a narrow range, he showed virtuosity in the different timings.He managed diligently the narrative, descriptive, critical, denunciatory and straight exposition from his life. Due to this he is also successful to reach to the target-groups from various cross-section of the society. d) Content Validity The content of the essays of Orwell has direct validity to the aims of his purpose. The subject as well as the content has been aptly justified with the references and context to the situations. Orwell has presented his real life incidents with an aim to expose the hypocrisy of the powerful nations as well as the snobberies of the upper-class people. e) Language Lucidity and clarity are the two main features of Orwells prose style. He disliked all vagueness and ambiguity in thought and is clear and straightforward in his thinking. Often he writes the slangy, colloquial English, mostly his prose is that of the journalist. Moreover, we also do not find unnecessary ornamentation and use of a figurative language, rather he has frequently made use of apt metaphors and images that enhances the beauty of his writing. John Atkins right observed, Orwells campaign was therefore for a language that should be both pure and subtle, flexible and simple. ) Justification of the Title of the Book The title of the book Essays of Orwell is apt and appropriate as it contains the selected essays written by George Orwell. g) Other features depending upon material selected The book also consists of the short summary of each of the essays along with the glossary and the unfamiliar words at the end. Overall evaluation In Essays of Orwell we find a direct expression of Orwells ideas. Both quantitatively and qualitatively, his essays stand favourable comparision with the essays of the prominent essayists of modern times, like Gardiner, Chesterton, Stevenson, Huxley and others.The essay is the dominant literary form employed by Orwell throughout the later half of his writing career. As in his other works, so in his essays there is the frequent intrusion of the author and a direct expression of his ideas. According to B. T. Huxley, The real backbone of his work is to be found in the essays a form of writing mainly characterized by just such a personal intrusion on the part of the author. Some of the best work of Orwell is to be found in his essays. They constitute a valuable comment on criticism of contemporary life.Though he was a professed socialist he did not accept a party line. He is quite sincere and honest about what he sys, and does not hesitate to criticize the terrors of fellow socialists and the short-comings of socialism. Orwell says, To write in plain, vigorous language, one has to think fearlessly, and if one thinks fearlessly, one can not be polit ically orthodox. John Atkins also says, Orwells uniqueness lay in his having the mind of an intellectual and the feelings of a common man. To conclude we can say that the book makes an interesting reading for all the people who think.

Compare and contrast the characters of Rebecca Nurse and John Proctor

John proctor is a person, a citizen, a spouse, and very well- respected member of the community. All of this is represented by his name. The name of John Proctor could be considered his most prized possession that he would never let anything happen to it. It is his most priceless as aline. Proctor does not set out with any intentions of hurting someone he is very strong-willed and caring. Rebecca Nurse is the wife of Francis Nurse a judge. Rebecca is known of the most well-respected and good citizen and good-hearted of Salem.She is admired because of her honesty and fairnessfulness. In comparison John Proctor, Rebecca Nurse is very much respected in their society. Both found themselves as a victim of the witch craft accusations, both Rebecca and John had similarity in honesty their response was what showed their differences. Rebecca nurse did not seem to be moved by the pressures of mirthful from the truth John Proctor faced a big challenge in telling the truth about his standing with witch-craft. The towns massess thought of John Proctors and Rebecca Nurses characters is of a similar standing.Both portray themselves as good, honest, and God-fearing people. John Proctors peculiarity is being manly which adds to him being a strong and truthful character. John Proctor being manly can be contrasted to the strength of Rebecca Nurse not physically, but strength in Character as of goodness, caring and truth. The characteristic of Rebecca Nurse could be seen especially towards the end of the play where she was not even moved by pressures in telling the truth at the expense of her life instead, she tried to convince John proctor to tell the truth REBECCA Why, it is a lie, it is a lie how may I damn myself?Oh John God send his mercy on you. Although Rebecca Nurse was above reproach in her everyday life, John Proctor wasnt. He had an affair with younger age girl . This also shows the differences in the strength of goodness shown by both characters. At the end of the play, both Rebecca Nurse and John Proctor they refused to accept the witch-craft accusations made against them although John Proctor took some time before he actually settled for the truth.

Dowry System

An strive on evils of portion governance in India. Dowry governance is as old as objet dart is. The serviceing system is a social evil. It is prevalent in all parts of India and almost in all the countries of the world. In India many of the traditional customs rush been given up, but the custom of lot has not only continued, but flourished over the years. Even in the old age the dowry system was in vogue and dowry was used as means for striking a good match. In due course dowry became an integral part of the marriage institution and is generally accepted by the society as necessarily evil. e custom of dowry has become widespread. Even before the marriage, the bar to be given as dowry is discussed and settled with the change of time. The contents of dowry have down the stairsgone a great change. The boys p bents openly demand money and other items which include car, scooter, fridge, colour T. V. etc. The rate of dowry changes according to the qualification of the boy. There are rates fixed for I. A. S. , I. P. S. , P. C. S. , I. E. S. officers and qualified engineers and doctors. In fact, a ceaseless marriage erectnot be held and a marriage without dowry is almost unthinkable.Hence the custom has become a annoyance particularly for those parents who are either poor or unfortunate because they have several daughters. Hardly is at that place a day when one does not read of dowry deaths in the national daily newspapers. Brides deliverance less than expected dowry are ill treated by their in-laws and other relatives. Many of them cannot declare it any more and commit suicide. Those who do not have enough courage to do so, are burnt alive by their husbands and the in-laws. Now and then voices have been raised against this evil custom.Even the social reformers want Mahatma Gandhi, Swami Dayanand tried their best to create a social consciousness against this practice. Also, the Dowry Prohibition Act was passed in 1961, but it has not made any differen ce. Laws never succeed in eradicating social evils. Social wakening is needed to achieve such goals. Now-a-days several womens organizations have come into being in order to guard this evil. Even our young boys and girls are taking oath not to follow this evil customs. State governments have also come forward with better legislation. Now taking and giving dowry is made a organizable offence.Much has been done, but much more needs to be done. Though there is marked effect of this tendency still people have not given it up totally. They have started secret deals. Total annihilation of dowry system is possible only when the mentality of the people changes. Young boys and girls should not come under the pressure of parents. Educational institutions should canvass against the dowry system. Even children should be made to read stories dealing with ill-effects of dowry. people should be told how this system has weakened our nation. It should be installed in the minds of young men and women that to give and to take dowry is a sin.Hence, the evil can be curbed, and eliminated only through social awakening and reform. But in the meantime, the law and the judicial system must provide solace and all possible help to those who attentiveness to resist the pernicious manife localizes of the dowry system. Note This article will help you to get knowledge on what is dowry system in India, free examine on dowry system indie, dowry deaths, penalization for culpable homicide and torture, dowry system ppt, dowry system in india pdf, dowry system speech, dowry system slogans, essay on dowry harassment and etc.This is a good sample example essay / article for personal use only for kids, childrens, school and college students for doing individual research or writing it for the examination questions or scholarship or for any competition or competitive or entrance exams like the polite services, TOEFL, GMAT, GRE, ISB, MBA. If you dont know how to write essay on controversial essay topics, then you can get help from online resources for preparing your thesis. Moreover there are many websites that provides free essay services to help you to write custom essay paper or 5 paragraph essay or lotion essay on any current topics.But the best way to write award winning essay is to do the piece of writings in your own words. It must be noted down that this essay can be translated to other languages such as Hindi, Bengali, Gujarati, Kannada, Kashmiri, Maithili, Malayalam, Meithei, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu and etc by using various online language exposition services or softwares. For better academic results practice writing narrative, descriptive, debate essays, review , history, mega, imagery, analytical, persuasive as well as expository essays. 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Defining Beauty Through Lucy Grealy’s Autobiography of a Face

The Oxford Dictionary defines beauty as a combination of qualities, such as shape, color, or form , that pleases the aesthetic senses, especially the sight (beauty). In Autobiography of a Face, Lucy Grealy expands this translation by exploring her own interpretation of beauty throughout the various stages of her life. As she examines life before her diagnosis, she mentions flyspeck about beauty as a factor in her development. She was a tomboy par faithfulness, more concerned with play than lusting after David Cassidy (15).While Grealy is subjected to extensive surgeries and chemotherapy she continues to be unconcerned with appearances, though she was still safekeeping myself ignorant of the details of my appearance, of the specific logic of it (104). She was aware of her looks from the taunts and teases of classmates, but remained intentionally unable to judge herself with the approximate eyes of post-pubescence. It wasnt until Grealy experienced her first Halloween that she real ized just what an impact her association of beauty had on her.Under the covert of her Eskimo costume, she realized just how meek Id become, how self-conscious I was about my face until now that it was obscured (120). As eon goes on, other people seem to compensate for Grealys lack of concern with her odd appearance. Her mother purchases turtlenecks in an driving to alleviate attention from the scar. As puberty reached her peers, she accepted that she would never have a boyfriend, that no oneness would ever be interested in me in that way (159). Grealy accepted ideal of beauty, throughout her adolescence, concerns just the opposite of what appearance she could hope to achieve. This is a feeling that can be echoed through the hallways of every high gear school across America, but strikes particular chord in Grealys psyche. It is not until reaching college that she feels fully prospering in her outward appearance. Sarah Lawrence was a campus where the students were wrapped up i n asserting their own individuality and crotchety aesthetic, and Grealy thrived in this environment.Grealys personal definition of beauty cemented itself in individuality, as she grew unconcerned with the frivolous nature of the somatogenetic aspect of it. She concludes this beautifully by writing that society tells us again and again that we can or so be ourselves by acting and looking like someone else, only to leave our original faces throne to turn into ghosts that will inevitably resent and haunt us. (222) Word count 414 Works Cited Grealy, Lucy. Autobiography of a Face. New York Perennial, 2003. Print. Beauty. Def. 1. Oxford Dictionary. 2012. Web.

2nd Generation Reforms Essay

Economic Reforms in India since 1991 India was a latecomer to economic crystallizes, embarking on the process in earnest totally in 1991, in the wake of an exceptionally severe balance of payments crisis. The need for a policy breakout had become evident practically earlier, as many countries in East Asia achieved high growth and exiguity reduction through policies which emphasized greater export orientation and encouragement of the toffee-nosed sector.India took some go in this direction in the 1980s, still it was not until 1991 that the political sympathies signa direct a systemic shift to a practically open economy with greater reliance upon market forces, a heavy(p)r role for the hugger-mugger sector including foreign investment, and a restructuring of the role of government. In 1980s growth was unsustainable, fuelled by a buildup of orthogonal debt which culminated in the crisis of 1991.In sharp contrast, growth in the 1990s was accompanied by remarkable immaterial stability despite the East Asian crisis. Poverty also declined significantly in the post-reform period, and at a faster invest than in the 1980s according to some studies. In the following paper, five major areas are covered by the reform program fiscal deficit reduction, industrial and business policy, pastoral policy, infrastructure development and social sector development.Savings, Investment and Fiscal Discipline Fiscal profligacy was seen to establish caused the balance of payments crisis in 1991 and a reduction in the fiscal deficit was therefore an urgent antecedency at the start of the reforms. The combined fiscal deficit of the primordial and state governments was successfully minify from 9. 4 share of GDP in 1990-91 to 7 percent in both 1991-92 and 1992-93 and the balance of payments crisis was over by 1993.The fiscal failures of both the central and the state governments bear squeezed the capacity of both the center and the states to undertake congenital publ ic investment. High levels of government borrowing have also crowded out private investment. Unless this problem is addressed, the po ecstasynertial benefits from reforms in other areas will be eroded and it may be difficult even up to maintain the fair growth rate of 6 percent experienced in the first ten years after the reforms, let alone accelerate to 8 percent.Reforms in Industrial and consider indemnity Reforms in industrial and trade policy were a central focus of much of Indias reform effort in the early stages. Industrial policy prior to the reforms was characterized by multiple controls over private investment which limited the areas in which private investors were allowed to operate, and often also determined the scale of operations, the location of newborn investment, and even the technology to be used.The industrial structure that evolved under this regime was highly inefficient and indispensable to be supported by a highly protective trade policy, often providin g tailor-made surety to each sector of industry. The costs imposed by these policies had been extensively studied (for example, Bhagwati and Desai, 1965 Bhagwati and Srinivasan, 1971 Ahluwalia, 1985) and by 1991 a wide consensus had emerged on the need for greater liberalization and openness. A great deal has been achieved at the end of ten years of gradualist reforms.Industrial Policy Industrial policy has seen the greatest change, with most central government industrial controls being dismantled. The list of industries reserved solely for the public sector which used to cover 18 industries has been drastically reduced to three defense aircrafts and warships, atomic energy generation, and railway transport. Industrial licensing by the central government has been almost abolished except for a few hazardous and environmentally sensitive industries.The requirement that investments by large industrial houses needed a separate clearance under the Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Prac tices Act to dissuade the concentration of economic power was abolished and the act itself is to be replaced by a new competition virtue which will attempt to regulate anticompetitive behavior in other ways. Industrial liberalization by the central government needs to be accompanied by supporting action by state governments. cliquish investors require many permissions from state governments to start operations, like connections to electricity and water supply and environmental clearances. They moldiness also interact with the state bureaucracy in the course of day-to-day operations because of laws governing pollution, sanitation, workers public assistance and safety, and such. A recently completed joint study by the World Bank and the Confederation of Indian Industry (Stern, 2001) found that the investment climate varies widely across states and these ifferences are reflected in a disproportionate share of investment, especially foreign investment, being concentrated in what are seen as the more investor-friendly states(Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu) to the disadvantage of other states (like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal). Investors perceived a 30 percent cost advantage in some states over others, on account of the availability of infrastructure and the quality of governance.These differences across states have led to an increase in the variation in state growth rates, with some of the less favored states real decelerating compared to the 1980s (Ahluwalia, 2002). Because liberalization has created a more competitive environment, the pay off from pursuing good policies has increased, thereby increasing the importingingance of state level action. Infrastructure deficiencies will take time and resources to remove only deficiencies in governance could be handled more quickly with sufficient political will. Trade PolicyTrade policy reform has also made progress, though the pace has been slower than in industrial libera lization. onward the reforms, trade policy was characterized by high tariffs and pervasive import restrictions. Imports of manufactured consumer goods were completely banned. For capital goods, vulgar materials and intermediates, certain lists of goods were freely importable, but for most items where domestic substitutes were being produced, imports were only possible with import licenses. The criteria for screw of licenses were nontransparent, delays were endemic and corruption unavoidable.The economic reforms sought to phase out import licensing and also to reduce import duties. Import licensing was abolished relatively early for capital goods and intermediates which became freely importable in 1993, simultaneously with the switch to a elastic exchange rate regime. Import licensing had been traditionally defended on the grounds that it was necessary to manage the balance of payments, but the shift to a flexible exchange rate enabled the government to argue that any balance of payments preserve would be effectively dealt with through exchange rate flexibility.Removing quantitative restrictions on imports of capital goods and intermediates was relatively easy, because the itemise of domestic producers was small and Indian industry welcomed the move as making it more competitive. It was much more difficult in the case of final consumer goods because the number of domestic producers affected was very large (partly because much of the consumer goods industry had been reserved for small scale production).Quantitative restrictions on imports of manufactured consumer goods and agricultural products were finally upstage on April 1, 2001, almost exactly ten years after the reforms began, and that in part because of a legal opinion by a World Trade Organization dispute panel on a affection brought by the United States. Progress in reducing tariff protection, the second element in the trade strategy, has been even slower and not always steady. As shown in Table 3, the weighted average import duty rate declined from the very high level of 72.percent in 1991-92 to 24. 6 percent in 1996-97. However, the average tariff rate then increased by more than 10 percentage points in the nigh four years. In February 2002, the government signaled a return to reducing tariff protection. The peak duty rate was reduced to 30 percent, a number of duty rates at the higher end of the live structure were lowered, while many low end duties were raised to 5 percent. The net result is that the weighted average duty rate is 29 percent in 2002-03.Although Indias tariff levels are significantly lower than in 1991, they remain among the highest in the developing world because most other developing countries have also reduced tariffs in this period. The weighted average import duty in China and southeastward Asia is currently about half the Indian level. The government has announced that average tariffs will be reduced to around 15 percent by 2004, but even if thi s is implemented, tariffs in India will be much higher than in China which has committed to reduce weighted average duties to about 9 percent by 2005 as a condition for admission to the World Trade Organization.

Anthem for Doomed Youth

Choose a song in which you tactile property thither is a signifi lowlifet split sulfur which reveals the central image of the metrical composition show how the poet achieves this in an effective way.hymn for Doomed Youth by Wilfred Owen is a numbers in which a signifi earth-closett moment reveals the central idea of the poem. The poet achieves this through many poetic techniques such as depersonalisation and solelyiteration.The starting line hint of content of the poem comes in the title, the paradox of Doomed Youth implies that it will non be a happy poem moreover the runner depict is significant as the central idea of the poem is revealed.What passing bells for those who die as cattle?The rhetorical top dog at the very beginning of the poem draws the endorser in devising them look at fully well-nigh the ideas carried on through the rest of the poem. From the very start we argon certified that the people who are dying are not considered important as the writer refe rs to the people as those. Also the depersonalisation as he calls them cattle implies that they were thought to be no more than animals. They to a fault pull away their own personal identities. Cattle in addition implies that the men do not have voices and needs that anyone else anyone human can understand. As a commentator I feel that opening the poem with a rhetorical question is very effective.However in the second line of the poem Owen personifies the guns monstrous anger showing that the guns are value more and have a louder voice than the men who are dying, which links to the first line as the men were depersonalised. Also Owen uses the word stuttering to describe the rifles which could imply that the soldiers are young and nervous referring to youth in the title. The reader feels sympathetic to struggleds the young soldiers.Again Owen implies that the soldiers are not seen as individuals by the use of Can swash out their hasty orisons. By using the word their Owen sh ows how the soldiers were grouped together. This idea is carried on to the next line with No mockeries for them as he refers to the men as them. The idea of mockeries, prayers, bells and mourning all are associated with death and funerals, exclusively the repeated use of No tells us that no one rewarded the soldiers enough for a proper burial, it could also imply too many of the soldiers were dying. This also relates to the question at the beginning of the poem. The reader feels angry that the soldiers are not respected in their deaths.Although the second stanza starts the same way as the first stanza with a rhetorical question the ideas suggested are different.What candle may be held to speed them all?Un standardised the first rhetorical question this implies that there is not anything good or big enough to show respect to all the soldiers who died in the war. This rhetorical question also links the first and second stanzas together as they both start the same way.Also death is portrayed in a more positive light, as the people at family respect the soldiers. This is shown by the holy glimmers of goodbyes by the use of the word holy the poet shows the reader that the soldiers were respected greatly. Owen also implies that only in death with the torture of war end which makes the reader feel sympathy for the soldiers and anger for the pointless destruction that war causes.In contrast to the treatment of the soldiers in the first stanza the writer tells the reader that the soldiers will be missed as he says about the women at homethe grimness of girls brows shall be their pallThis shows that they were worried about their husbands, brothers and sons. This is carried through the next line when Owen tells the reader their flowers the affection of patient minds showing that the war is not only affecting the soldiers but their loved ones who are odd behind. This makes the reader sympathetic towards the soldiers and their family and friends.The idea of respect is carried on in the last line as the head rhyme of And from each one slow dusk a tipple down of blinds. slows down the pace of the words and drawing down of blinds symbolises the end of another soldiers life as drawing down blinds was a mark of respect when someone died.hymn for Doomed Youth by Wilfred Owen is a poem in which a significant moment reveals the central idea of the poem. Through many poetic techniques such as word choice, alliteration and embodiment the writer effectively creates a moment which the central idea is revealed.Anthem For Doomed Youth passim this poem there is a theme of mourning and funeral. In the first stanza it is approximately sarcastic with instruments of war conducting a service on the battlefield for their victims. The guns become passing-bells and shells become demented choirs. The second stanza takes us clog up home where the true mourners are. The poet speaks of how the holy glimmers of goodbyes will shine in the eyes of boys instead of th eir hands and how the pallor of girls brows being the pall of the dead. The last two lines, for me carry the greatest effect and meaningTheir flowers the tenderness of patient minds,And each slow dusk a drawing-down of blindsThe first is about the disappointment of people who have worried and waited for a long time and whose pain can only be expressed in small gestures or things such as flowers. The second could be interpreted in many different ways. It could be referring to the tailor- do of drawing down of blinds but it could also be about the end of a life and confide leaving as reality settles. These two lines also delineate the pointlessness of hoping as the dead were doomed and predestine for slaughter in the way that cattle are in the first place.Anthem For Doomed Youth is structured like a sonnet and has a very strong rhyme which never appears to be forced and does not interrupt the meaning of the poetry. Indeed, most things about the structure and choice of language appe ar to be uncoerced as they are so well incorporated with one another and only after the second reading does one realise how carefully thought out they are.In the first stanza, there is a large use of onomatopoeia stuttering, rattle, patter, wailing. This has the effect of bringing the reader to the battlefield. Wilfred Owen has personified the warfare and made the rifles stutter and the shells wail. He has also made them come to life guns cannot be angry and neither can shells be mourning. This forms an image in the first stanza that is slightly demented and disturbing. He often repeats vowel legals and uses alliteration throughout the poem. In the stuttering rifles rapid rattle the a sound is repeated along with the alliteration of the ts.The words of the poem are cleverly chosen to heighten the expression of the poem in the way it is read. For instance, in the quotation about the rifles above, the alliteration he has chosen to make makes the sound interrupted and quickens the pa ce. This also reminds of the panic and rushing of war. In the final lines the words are not ones that can be said quickly flowers, patient, minds, slow, blinds. This dramatically slows the pace of reading and makes them more expressive because it makes the reader think that the poem also dies with the soldiers or the hopes for the soldiers lives.What is interesting is that there are no phrases that bind this poem to the eldest World War. Of course, it was written about it, but if given to a reader who did not know about Wilfred Owen or his works, they could think it was about any or all wars after the invention of the rifle. The poem does not mention trenches or gas. These who die as cattle are not necessarily British, neither are they necessarily of any side in war they are the collective dead. The guns are not our guns or their guns.In the preface for a book of poems he intended to publish, Wilfred Owen wrote My Subject is War, and the pity of War.The Poetry is in the pity. Anth em for Doomed Youth is unique in that the pity is not only for the soldiers of the First World War, but also for those who suffered the loss of people they loved. It can be raised to a universal level where it comments on the daunt and futility of all wars. In his other poetry, there is often blame involved but in this poem he evokes an air of sadness and waste only. There is genius behind the phrasing of it, but it is almost hidden because of its perfection.